A Phase I, Multicenter Study of CD4- Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineered T-cells (CD4CAR) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD4+ Hematological Malignancies
Summary
This study is designed as a single arm open label Phase I, 3x3, multicenter study of CD4-directed chimeric antigen receptor engineered T-cells (CD4CAR) in patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Specifically, the study will evaluate the safety and feasibility of CD4CAR T-cells. Funding Source - FDA OOPD
Detailed description
The study will be performed as a dose-escalation protocol. Due to the relatively low incidence and prevalence of cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) hematological malignancies and the associated aggressive nature of these diseases and the sequel of treatment failure, the investigators expect to recruit 20 subjects at Stony Brook, Indiana University, and other identified sites with an expected dropout rate of 25% primarily due to rapid progression or death and screen and or manufacturing failure. Taking this into account, the investigators expect to treat 15 patients. The study will utilize autologous CD4CAR T-cells that are engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD4 that is linked to the cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28), 4-1BB, cluster of differentiation 3-zeta (CD3ζ) signaling chains (third generation CAR). At entry, disease status will be staged and investigators will determine if the subject has adequate T cell number for apheresis and for manufacturing CD4CAR cells. Qualifying subjects will be leukapheresed to obtain large numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for the manufacturing. Next, participants will receive conditioning chemotherapy. If tumor burden is sufficiently reduced (screening step), participants will receive CD4CAR cells by infusion on Day 0 of treatment. For cell harvest, 12-15-liter apheresis procedure will be performed at the apheresis center with the intention to harvest at least 50x10\^9-nucleated cells to manufacture CD4CAR T-cells. A portion of the pheresed cells will also be cryopreserved for FDA look-back requirements and for further research. The T-cells will be purified from the PBMC, transduced with CD4CAR lentiviral vector, expanded in vitro, and then frozen for administration. Each dose will be stored in either one or two bags. The route of administration is by IV infusion and the duration of infusion will be approximately 20 minutes. Each bag will contain an aliquot (30-50 mL) of liquid suitable for freezing, and containing the following infusible grade reagents (% v/v): 4.5% human serum albumin with 10% DMSO. The cell product is expected to be ready for release approximately 3-4 weeks after apheresis. If the disease progresses during the manufacturing period participants may be excluded from the study. Minimal chemotherapy to keep the disease under control in the meanwhile is allowed if deemed necessary by investigators. A single dose of CD4CAR transduced T cells will consist of the cell number for the dose level to be infused. Post-infusion monitoring of CD4CAR T-cells: Subjects will have blood drawn for cytokine levels, CD4CAR Transgene Copy Number (PCR) and flow cytometry in order to evaluate the presence of CD4CAR cells on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 42 following infusion (or as clinically needed). Cytokines levels will be evaluated per schedule above in addition to and as needed every 8 +/- 2 hours as feasible if/when CRS occurs and until resolution. Active monitoring of fungal and viral infections during treatment while utilizing standard prophylaxis recommended for HIV-positive patients with T-cell aplasia and those undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant. Investigators plan to collect data about clinicoradiologic measurements of residual tumor burden starting on day 6 and weekly afterward until day 42 and then monthly for 6 months. This will be followed by quarterly clinical evaluations for the next two (2) years with a medical history, physical examination, and comprehensive blood testing. After these short- and intermediate-term evaluations are performed, these patients will enter a rollover study to assess for disease-free survival (DFS), relapse, and the development of other health problems or malignancies where follow-up will be up tp twice a year by phone and a questionnaire for an additional thirteen (13) years. The treating physician will decide to proceed with allogeneic or autologous transplant when needed. Dose of CD4CAR description: the main objective of this study is to establish a recommended dose and/or schedule of CD4CAR. The guiding principle for dose escalation in phase I is to avoid unnecessary exposure of patients to sub-therapeutic doses (i.e., to treat as many patients as possible within the therapeutic dose range) while preserving safety and maintaining rapid accrual. Investigators will use the rule-based traditional Phase I "3+3" design for the evaluation of safety. Based on lab experience in mice the starting dose (dose level 1) for the first cohort of three patients in phase I portion of the study will be 8x10\^5 cells. The dose escalation or de-escalation will follow a modified Fibonacci sequence as below. If more than one patient out of the first cohort of three patients in dose level 1 experience dose limiting toxicity (DLT), the trial will be placed on hold. If zero or one out of three patients in the first cohort of dose level 1 experience DLT, three more patients will be enrolled at dose level 1; the dose escalation continues until at least two patients among a cohort of six patients experience DLT (i.e., ≥33% of patients with a DLT at this dose level) * If one of the first three patients in dose level 1 experiences a DLT, three more patients will be treated at dose level 1. * If none of the three patients or only one of the 6 patients in the dose level 1 experiences a DLT, the dose escalation continues to the dose level 2 * If one of the first three patients in dose level 2 experience a DLT, three more patients will be treated at dose level 2 * If none of the three patients or only one of the 6 patients in the dose level2 experiences a DLT, the dose escalation continues to the dose level 3 * If one of the first three patients in dose level 3 experiences a DLT, three more patients will be treated at dose level 3 * If none of the three patients or only one of the 6 patients in the dose level 3 experiences a DLT, dose level 3 will be declared the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and will be used as the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for the phase II portion of the study. In summary, the dose escalation continues until at least two patients among a cohort of six patients experience DLT (i.e., ≥33% of patients with a DLT at that dose level). The recommended dose for phase II trials is defined as one dose level below this toxic dose level. Since some grade 3 and possibly 4 toxicities are highly likely to be reversible, grade 3 infectious, hematological and vascular toxicities will not be considered DLTs mandating dose reduction. Also allergic or infusion-related reactions ≤ grade 3 will not be counted as DLTs. There will be no intra-patient dose escalation or reduction. To allow for full spectrum toxicity duration evaluation and reporting, no patients within the same or a different cohort will be initiated on lymphodepleting chemotherapy sooner than 42 days from the initiation date of the preceding patient.
Arms & interventions
- BiologicalCD4CAR
CD4CAR cells transduced with a lentiviral vector to express the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) nucleotide sequence of the anti-CD4 molecule derived from humanized monoclonal ibalizumab and the intracellular domains of CD28 and 4-1BB co-activators fused to the CD3ζ T-cell activation signaling domain administered by IV infusions as a single dose
Outcome measures
Primary
Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v5.0
To assess the safety and feasibility of the chimeric antigen receptor T cells transduced with the anti-CD4 lentiviral vector (referred to as "CD4CAR" cells) according to CTCAE grading. The feasibility of treating those adverse events and their duration till resolution will also be described.
Time frame: 18-24 months
Secondary
Duration of in vivo survival of the CD4CAR.
Time frame: 18-24 months
Rate of manufacturing failure
Time frame: 18-24 months
Clinical Response
Time frame: 18-24 months
Trafficking of CD4CAR at tumor sites and at sites with significant toxicity
Time frame: 18-24 months
Number of participants with immune reactions against CD4CAR
Time frame: 18-24 months
Serum cytokines levels
Time frame: 18-24 months
Determine CD4CAR cell subsets during proliferation
Time frame: 18-24 months
Overall survival and causes of death
Time frame: throuh study completion (i.e.up to 15 years)
New onset malignancies post CD4CAR treatment
Time frame: throuh study completion (i.e.up to 15 years)
Eligibility criteria
Study locations (6)
University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
Miami, Florida, 33136
Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
Riley Hospital for Children
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
Albert Einstein Health Network
New York, New York, 10467
Stony Brook Cancer Center
Stony Brook, New York, 11794
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030