A Phase 2 Trial of Chemotherapy Followed by Response-Based Whole Ventricular &Amp; Spinal Canal Irradiation (WVSCI) for Patients With Localized Non-Germinomatous Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor
Summary
This phase II trial studies the best approach to combine chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) based on the patient's response to induction chemotherapy in patients with non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) that have not spread to other parts of the brain or body (localized). This study has 2 goals: 1) optimizing radiation for patients who respond well to induction chemotherapy to diminish spinal cord relapses, 2) utilizing higher dose chemotherapy followed by conventional RT in patients who did not respond to induction chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs, such as carboplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide, and thiotepa, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays or high-energy protons to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Studies have shown that patients with newly-diagnosed localized NGGCT, whose disease responds well to chemotherapy before receiving radiation therapy, are more likely to be free of the disease for a longer time than are patients for whom the chemotherapy does not efficiently eliminate or reduce the size of the tumor. The purpose of this study is to see how well the tumors respond to induction chemotherapy to decide what treatment to give next. Some patients will be given RT to the spine and a portion of the brain. Others will be given high dose chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant before RT to the whole brain and spine. Giving treatment based on the response to induction chemotherapy may lower the side effects of radiation in some patients and adjust the therapy to a more efficient one for other patients with localized NGGCT.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To monitor outcome to ensure that children and young adults with localized central nervous system (CNS) non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) treated with induction chemotherapy followed by response evaluation and whole ventricular + spinal canal irradiation (WVSCI) will maintain the excellent 2-year progression free survival (PFS) rate as compared to ACNS0122 (NCT00047320). II. To improve disease control by decreasing the number of spinal relapses for patients who achieve a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and receive WVSCI as compared to whole ventricular radiation on ACNS1123 (NCT01602666). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To estimate the response rates to induction chemotherapy and WVSCI for localized NGGCT patients who achieve a CR/PR. II. To estimate the PFS and overall survival (OS) for localized NGGCT patients who achieve a CR/PR and receive WVSCI. III. To estimate the PFS and OS for patients with less than a CR/PR following Induction who subsequently receive high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell rescue (HDCSCR). IV. To estimate the response rate for patients with less than a CR/PR following Induction who subsequently receive HDCSCR. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To prospectively compare outcomes based on radiation modality, photon versus proton, including cognitive, social and behavioral functioning, auditory, and neuro-endocrine function. II. To compare spinal column growth and cell counts following radiation as measured by height and weight, and complete blood count (CBC) values during and after radiation therapy, based on treatment modality (photon versus \[vs.\] proton therapy) and planned inclusion/exclusion of the vertebral body in patients \< 13 years of age. III. To compare local vs. central review recommendations for second-look surgery and document barriers for performing such surgeries as well as their clinical benefit in pediatric NGGCT. IV. To prospectively evaluate and longitudinally model the cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning of children and young adults with localized CNS NGGCT with testing as per the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Standardized Neuropsychological and Behavioral Battery. V. To evaluate patterns of disease recurrence/failure with respect to radiation dose distribution. OUTLINE: INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive carboplatin intravenously (IV) over 15-60 minutes on day 1 and etoposide IV over 90-120 minutes on days 1-3 of cycles 1, 3, and 5. Patients also receive ifosfamide IV over 60 minutes and etoposide IV over 60-120 minutes on days 1-5 of cycles 2, 4, and 6. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 plans (ventricular + spinal canal irradiation \[WVSCI\] or high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell rescue \[HDCSCR\]) based on response to induction chemotherapy: * Patients who achieve radiographic CR/PR with marker normalization proceed to WVSCI. Patients who achieve radiographic CR without marker normalization proceed to HDCSCR. * Patients who achieve less than radiographic CR/PR with marker normalization proceed to second-look surgery (unless contraindicated). If second-look surgery reveals mature teratoma or non-viable tumor, proceed to WVSCI. If second-look surgery reveals viable tumor, proceed to HDCSCR. Patients who are unable to undergo second-look surgery are removed from protocol therapy but remain on study for follow-up. * Patients who achieve less than radiographic CR/PR without marker normalization proceed to second-look surgery (unless contraindicated). Patients then proceed to HDCSCR regardless of whether or not a second-look surgery is performed. * Patients who achieve radiographic PR without marker normalization proceed to second-look surgery (unless contraindicated). Patients then proceed to HDCSCR regardless of whether or not a second-look surgery is performed. PLAN A (WVSCI THERAPY): Within 6 weeks of the end of induction chemotherapy or second-look surgery, patients undergo WVSCI once daily (QD) for 5 days weekly (17 fractions followed by a boost dose for 13 fractions) for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. PLAN B (CONSOLIDATION THERAPY \[HDCSCR\]): Within 6-8 weeks of the end of induction chemotherapy or second-look surgery, patients receive etoposide IV and thiotepa IV over 3 hours on days -5 to -3 and undergo peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant on day 0. Patients then undergo radiation therapy QD for 5 days weekly (20 fractions followed by a boost dose for 10 fractions) for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as collection of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood sample throughout the trial. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed for up to 10 years.
Arms & interventions
- ProcedureBiospecimen Collection
Undergo collection of CSF and blood samples
- DrugCarboplatin
Given IV
- DrugEtoposide
Given IV
- BiologicalFilgrastim
Given subcutaneously (SC) or IV
- DrugIfosfamide
Given IV
- ProcedureMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Undergo MRI
- DrugMesna
Given IV or orally
- BiologicalPegfilgrastim
Given SC
- ProcedurePeripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Undergo PBSC transplant
- OtherQuestionnaire Administration
Ancillary studies
- RadiationRadiation Therapy
Undergo WVSCI radiation therapy
- RadiationRadiation Therapy
Undergo radiation therapy
- ProcedureSecond-Look Surgery
Undergo second-look surgery if needed
- DrugThiotepa
Given IV
Outcome measures
Primary
Failure rate
Will be measured by the number of progressions or deaths within 2 years of enrollment for the cohort treated with whole ventricular + spinal canal irradiation (WVSCI). The final analysis will include an exact binomial confidence interval of the failure rate for each of the failure types (local, distant/spinal or both) without adjustment for multiplicity.
Time frame: Within 2 years of enrollment
Spinal failure rate
Will be measured by the number of spinal relapses (spine alone or distant relapses including the spine) within 2 years of enrollment in patients treated with WVSCI. The final analysis will include an exact binomial confidence interval of spinal failure rate.
Time frame: Within 2 years of enrollment
Secondary
Radiographic complete response (CR)/partial response (PR) with marker normalization rate post induction/second-look surgery
Time frame: Approximately 6 to 9 months post-treatment initiation
Radiographic complete response (CR)/partial response (PR) with marker normalization rate post high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell rescue (HDCSCR)
Time frame: Up to 2 years post-treatment initiation
Progression-free survival (PFS)
Time frame: From enrollment until disease progression or death from any cause for patients with events, and until final follow up for those who are event free at the time of analysis, assessed up to 10 years
Overall survival (OS)
Time frame: From enrollment until death from any cause for patients with events and until final follow up for those who are alive at the time of analysis, assessed up to 10 years
Patterns of disease recurrence/failure
Time frame: Up to 10 years
Eligibility criteria
Study locations (149)
Children's Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama, 35233
Providence Alaska Medical Center
Anchorage, Alaska, 99508
Banner Children's at Desert
Mesa, Arizona, 85202
Phoenix Childrens Hospital
Phoenix, Arizona, 85016
Banner University Medical Center - Tucson
Tucson, Arizona, 85719
University of Arizona Cancer Center-North Campus
Tucson, Arizona, 85719
Arkansas Children's Hospital
Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202-3591
Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center
Downey, California, 90242
Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda, California, 92354
Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach
Long Beach, California, 90806
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, 90027
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90027
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90048
Valley Children's Hospital
Madera, California, 93636
Kaiser Permanente-Oakland
Oakland, California, 94611
Children's Hospital of Orange County
Orange, California, 92868
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, 94304
Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego
San Diego, California, 92123
UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
San Francisco, California, 94158
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado, 80045
Connecticut Children's Medical Center
Hartford, Connecticut, 06106
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, Delaware, 19803
Children's National Medical Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010
Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida
Fort Myers, Florida, 33908
UF Health Cancer Institute - Gainesville
Gainesville, Florida, 32610
Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville
Jacksonville, Florida, 32207
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
Miami, Florida, 33136
Nicklaus Children's Hospital
Miami, Florida, 33155
Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children
Orlando, Florida, 32806
Nemours Children's Hospital
Orlando, Florida, 32827
Nemours Children's Clinic - Pensacola
Pensacola, Florida, 32504
Sacred Heart Hospital
Pensacola, Florida, 32504
Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701
Saint Joseph's Hospital/Children's Hospital-Tampa
Tampa, Florida, 33607
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Arthur M Blank Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia, 30329
Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96826
Saint Luke's Cancer Institute - Boise
Boise, Idaho, 83712
Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
University of Illinois
Chicago, Illinois, 60612
University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
Chicago, Illinois, 60637
Loyola University Medical Center
Maywood, Illinois, 60153
Saint Jude Midwest Affiliate
Peoria, Illinois, 61637
Riley Hospital for Children
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
Blank Children's Hospital
Des Moines, Iowa, 50309
University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center
Lexington, Kentucky, 40536
Norton Children's Hospital
Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
Ochsner Medical Center Jefferson
New Orleans, Louisiana, 70121
Eastern Maine Medical Center
Bangor, Maine, 04401
Maine Children's Cancer Program
Scarborough, Maine, 04074
Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
Baltimore, Maryland, 21215
Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
C S Mott Children's Hospital
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
Children's Hospital of Michigan
Detroit, Michigan, 48201
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Butterworth Hospital
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503
Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Helen DeVos Children's Hospital
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503
Corewell Health Children's
Royal Oak, Michigan, 48073
Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55404
Mayo Clinic in Rochester
Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
University of Missouri Children's Hospital
Columbia, Missouri, 65212
Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
Kansas City, Missouri, 64108
Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center
St Louis, Missouri, 63104
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
Mercy Hospital Saint Louis
St Louis, Missouri, 63141
Children's Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha
Omaha, Nebraska, 68114
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
Oncology Las Vegas - Henderson
Henderson, Nevada, 89074
Alliance for Childhood Diseases/Cure 4 the Kids Foundation
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89135
Renown Regional Medical Center
Reno, Nevada, 89502
Cancer Care Specialists - Reno
Reno, Nevada, 89511
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Dartmouth Cancer Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756
Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601
Morristown Medical Center
Morristown, New Jersey, 07960
Saint Peter's University Hospital
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
Newark, New Jersey, 07112
Saint Joseph's Regional Medical Center
Paterson, New Jersey, 07503
Albany Medical Center
Albany, New York, 12208
Maimonides Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York, 11219
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York, 14263
The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
New Hyde Park, New York, 11040
Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone
New York, New York, 10016
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York, 10065
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York, 14642
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York, 11794
State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York, 13210
Montefiore Medical Center-Einstein Campus
The Bronx, New York, 10461
Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
The Bronx, New York, 10467
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York, 10595
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, 27710
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina, 27834
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157
Sanford Broadway Medical Center
Fargo, North Dakota, 58122
Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron
Akron, Ohio, 44308
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Columbus, Ohio, 43205
Dayton Children's Hospital
Dayton, Ohio, 45404
ProMedica Flower Hospital
Sylvania, Ohio, 43560
ProMedica Toledo Hospital/Russell J Ebeid Children's Hospital
Toledo, Ohio, 43606
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Legacy Emanuel Children's Hospital
Portland, Oregon, 97227
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland, Oregon, 97239
Lehigh Valley Hospital-Cedar Crest
Allentown, Pennsylvania, 18103
Geisinger Medical Center
Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822
Penn State Children's Hospital
Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033
Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19134
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island, 02903
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
Prisma Health Richland Hospital
Columbia, South Carolina, 29203
BI-LO Charities Children's Cancer Center
Greenville, South Carolina, 29605
Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Faris
Greenville, South Carolina, 29605
Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57117-5134
Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee, 38105
The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial
Nashville, Tennessee, 37203
Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
Austin, Texas, 78723
Driscoll Children's Hospital
Corpus Christi, Texas, 78411
Medical City Dallas Hospital
Dallas, Texas, 75230
UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
Dallas, Texas, 75390
El Paso Children's Hospital
El Paso, Texas, 79905
Cook Children's Medical Center
Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030
M D Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030
Children's Hospital of San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas, 78207
Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas
San Antonio, Texas, 78229
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas, 78229
Scott and White Memorial Hospital
Temple, Texas, 76508
Primary Children's Hospital
Salt Lake City, Utah, 84113
University of Vermont and State Agricultural College
Burlington, Vermont, 05405
University of Virginia Cancer Center
Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Norfolk, Virginia, 23507
VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center
Richmond, Virginia, 23298
Carilion Children's
Roanoke, Virginia, 24014
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington, 98105
Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital
Spokane, Washington, 99204
Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center
Tacoma, Washington, 98405
Madigan Army Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington, 98431
West Virginia University Healthcare
Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital
Madison, Wisconsin, 53792
Marshfield Medical Center-Marshfield
Marshfield, Wisconsin, 54449