Validation of DNA Methylation Markers for the Universal and Site-Specific Guided Cancer Detection (the VANGUARD Study)

Inclusion Criteria: * Aim 1 Tissue * Cases: * Patient has a biopsy confirmed diagnosis of target histology * Tissue samples from synchronous or metachronous primary cancers may be used as long as they are clearly of a different target organ. * Tumors from patients with an underlying genetic disorder pre-disposing to cancer may be included as long as they are stratified from those without * Controls: * Patient does not have the diagnosis of target histology * Aim 2 Blood * Cases: * Patient has a biopsy confirmed diagnosis of target histology or radiographic criteria that are unequivocal for diagnosis (example, meets radiographic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma) * Controls: * Patient does not have a diagnosis of the target histology * Aim 3 Urine * Cases: * Patient has a biopsy confirmed diagnosis of target histology or radiographic criteria that are unequivocal for diagnosis (example, meets radiographic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma) * Controls: * Patient does not have a diagnosis of the target histology Exclusion Criteria: * Aim 1 Tissue * Cases and Controls: * Patient has had any transplants prior to tissue collection * Patient has received chemotherapy class drugs within 5 years prior to tissue collection * Cases: * Patient has had radiation to the current target lesion prior to tissue collection * Patient has multi-centric/multi-focal breast cancer with differing genetic profiles (ER/HER2/PR status differ; if multiple masses are present and not all are tested then exclude patient) * Patient has bilateral breast cancer/Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) * Aim 2 Blood * Cases and Controls: * Patient has known cancer outside of the target cancer 5 years prior to blood collection (not including basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers) * Patient has received chemotherapy class drugs in the 5 years prior to blood collection * Patient has had any prior radiation therapy to the target lesion prior to blood collection * Patient has had a biopsy to the target organ and/or lesion within 3 days before blood collection * Cases: * Patient has had an intervention to completely remove current target pathology * The current target pathology is a recurrence * Patient has multi-centric/multi-focal breast cancer with differing genetic profiles (ER/HER2/PR status differ; if multiple masses are present and not all are tested then exclude patient) * Patient has bilateral breast cancer/DCIS * Aim 3 Urine * Patient has known cancer outside of the target cancer 5 years prior to urine collection (not including basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers) * Patient has received chemotherapy class drugs in the 5 years prior to urine collection * Patient has had any prior radiation therapy to the target lesion prior to urine collection * Patient has had a biopsy to the target organ and/or lesion within 3 days before urine collection * The current target pathology is a recurrence * Patient has chronic indwelling urinary catheter * Patient has had a urinary tract infection within the 14 days prior to sample collection * If patient does not have a primary bladder, ureter or urethral cancer, patient has a history of bladder ureter, or urethral cancer * Cases: * Patient has had an intervention to completely remove current target pathology * The current target pathology is a recurrence * Patient has multi-centric/multi-focal breast cancer with differing genetic profiles \[estrogen receptor (ER)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/progesterone receptor (PR)\] status differ; if multiple masses are present and not all are tested then exclude patient) * Patient has bilateral breast cancer/DCIS